目的 研究乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎（HBV-GN）的相关因素。 方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究。用Logistic回归对86例HBV-GN患者及135例非HBV-GN慢性HBV感染者进行比较。 结果 单因素分析结果显示，HBV-GN与男性（OR 2.79，95％CI 1.48～5.25，P = 0.001）、HBeAg阳性（OR 2.60，95％CI 1.49～4.53，P = 0.001）、HBV复制（OR 3.63，95％CI 1.80～7.33，P < 0.01）、肝硬化（OR 4.58，95％CI 1.41～14.91，P = 0.011)及谷丙转氨酶（ALT）升高（OR 2.53，95％CI 1.42～4.51，P = 0.002)相关。多因素分析结果显示，HBV-GN与男性（OR 2.21，95%CI 1.12～4.33，P = 0.022）、HBV复制（OR 2.77，95%CI 1.28～5.97，P = 0.01）、肝硬化（OR 4.55，95%CI 1.29～16.10，P = 0.019）及ALT升高（OR 1.96，95%CI 1.04～3.69，P = 0.037）相关。HBV-GN中，与IgA肾病型（HBV-IgAN）比较，单因素分析结果显示，经典型HBV-GN（膜性肾病或膜增生性肾炎型）与男性（OR 5.24，95％CI 1.64～16.81，P = 0.005）、HBV复制（OR 8.02，95％CI 2.15～29.84，P = 0.002）及ALT升高（OR 3.10，95％CI 1.00～9.67，P = 0.051）相关；多因素分析结果显示，仅与男性（OR 6.51，95%CI 1.76～24.11，P = 0.005）及HBV复制（OR 7.22，95%CI 1.68～30.97，P = 0.008）相关。结论 男性、HBV复制、肝硬化及ALT升高都可能是HBV-GN的易患因素。与HBV-IgAN比较，经典型HBV-GN与病毒复制及男性更相关，两者可能有不同的病理机制。

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the relevant factors for hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN). Methods A total of 86 patients with pathology-proven HBV-GN and 135 HBV carriers with non-HBV-GN were included in this retrospective case-control study. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the relevant factors for HBV-GN. Results On univariate analysis, the factors associated with HBV-GN were as follows: male (OR 2.79, 95％CI 1.48-5.25, P=0.001), HBeAg positivity (OR 2.60, 95％CI 1.49-4.53, P=0.001), HBV replication (OR 3.63, 95％CI 1.80-7.33, P<0.01), liver cirrhosis (OR 4.58, 95％CI 1.41-14.91, P=0.011), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 2.53, 95％CI 1.42-4.51, P=0.002). On multivariate analysis, the associations remained significant for male (OR 2.21, 95%CI 1.12-4.33, P=0.022), HBV replication (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.28-5.97, P=0.01), liver cirrhosis (OR 4.55, 95%CI 1.29-16.10, P=0.019) and elevated ALT (OR 1.96, 95%CI 1.04-3.69, P=0.037). Compared with HBV-associated IgA nephritis (HBV-IgAN) in multivariate model, HBV-associated membranous nephropathy (HBV-MN) or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (HBV-MPGN) was significantly associated with male (OR 6.51, 95%CI 1.76-24.11, P=0.005) and HBV replication (OR 7.22, 95%CI 1.68-30.97, P=0.008). Conclusions Male, HBV replication, liver cirrhosis and elevated ALT may be predictive factors for HBV-GN. Compared with HBV-IgAN, HBV-MN or HBV-MPGN is significantly associated with male and HBV replication.