目的 介绍1例水痘带状疱疹病毒相关性肾小球肾炎及脑炎病例。 方法 分析患者临床和肾脏病理资料，并复习有关文献。 结果 男性15岁患者，水痘发病后5 d出现急性肾炎综合征、肾病综合征表现及肾功能损害，血清补体C3下降。肾组织光镜检查诊断为毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎，伴足细胞增生及重度肾小管损伤；免疫荧光检查显示“满堂亮”；电镜检查见到多部位电子致密物。另外，电镜及Mann染色光镜检查还见到病毒样颗粒或（和）包涵体。血清病毒学检查水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）IgM抗体阳性。肾组织免疫组化染色和原位杂交显示肾小球及肾小管上皮细胞内存在VZV抗原及转录产物RNA。病程中患者曾多次出现癫痫发作，头颅磁共振检查及脑电图表现符合病毒性脑炎继发癫痫。所以本病例水痘-带状疱疹病毒相关肾炎及脑炎诊断成立。 结论 通过血清病毒学及组织病毒学多项检查证实本例为水痘-带状疱疹病毒相关性肾炎及脑炎，是首例报道。

Objective To introduce a case of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) -related glomerulonephritis and encephalitis. Methods The clinical data and renal pathology were analyzed. Associated literatures were reviewed. Results A 15 years old male patient presented nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome and renal dysfunction with reduced serum complement C3 level from the 5th day after he suffered from varicella. The pathological diagnosis of his kidney tissue was endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with podocyte proliferation and severe renal tubular injury by light microscopy. Immunofluorescent and electron microscopic examinations showed “full-house” staining and granular electron-dense deposits in multiple sites, respectively. Furthermore, virus-like particles or/and inclusions could also be seen by electron microscopy and Mann staining light microscopy. Positive varicella-zoster virus (VZV) specific IgM antibody was detected by serum virological test. VZV antigen and RNA transcript were found in glomerular and tubular cells by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization of renal tissues, respectively. The patient had epileptic episodes for many times in his disease course and his brain MRI and electroencephalogram findings accorded with viral encephalitis with secondary epilepsy. So, the diagnosis of VZV-related glomerulonephritis and encephalitis was established. Conclusion This is the first report of VZV-related glomerulonephritis and encephalitis confirmed by serum virology and tissue virology.