目的 比较两种抗生素用药方案对绝经后女性复发性尿路感染急性发作的预防效果。方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究，将2004年8月至2007年9月本科门诊随访的68例绝经后女性复发性尿感患者随机分为两组，分别采用单剂量抗生素持续抑菌和患者自主的单剂量抗生素间歇抑菌两种预防方法。观察两组患者开始抗生素预防后的12个月内，尿路感染急性发作以及胃肠道症状、阴道真菌感染等不良反应的发生率。 结果 患者自主的间歇抑菌组与持续抑菌组的总有效率差异无统计学意义（71.0%比81.8%，P > 0.05），但前者胃肠道并发症发生率显著低于持续抑菌组（7.7%比28.6%，P < 0.05）。 结论 患者自主的单剂量抗生素间歇抑菌对绝经后女性尿路感染的反复发作有良好的预防效果，且较少引起胃肠道不良反应。

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of intermittent patient-initiated single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis and continuous antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. Single dose of antibiotic was given every night in continuous antibiotic prophylaxis group and every time after exposure to conditions predisposed to UTI in intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis group. The duration of prevention was 12 months in both groups. Results The effective rates of intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis and continuous antibiotic prophylaxis were 71.0% and 81.8% respectively(P>0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reaction in intermittent antibiotic prophylaxis group was significantly lower than that in continuous antibiotic prophylaxis group (7.7% vs 28.6%,P<0.05). Conclusions Compared with continuous antibiotic prophylaxis, intermittent patient-initiated single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis is a better prophylaxis with less gastrointestinal adverse reactions for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women.