
血清生长分化因子15与IgA肾病患者心肾预后相关性探索
隗紫微, 郭唯一, 徐潇漪, 王国勤, 孙丽君, 董鸿瑞, 孔令强, 程虹
血清生长分化因子15与IgA肾病患者心肾预后相关性探索
Correlation between serum growth differentiation factor 15 and the cardiorenal prognosis in patients with IgA nephropathy
目的 探讨血清生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor 15,GDF15)与IgA肾病(IgA nephropathy,IgAN)患者的临床及病理特征的相关性,并进一步探索GDF15与IgAN患者心肾预后的相关性。 方法 本研究为单中心回顾性队列研究。收集2018年1月至2022年12月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院肾内科明确诊断为原发性IgAN且规律随访1年及以上患者的相关资料。入院时采集患者血清样本,检测其入院时的血清GDF15水平。以GDF15中位数为界值将IgAN患者分为高GDF15组与低GDF15组,对两组患者的临床和病理特征进行比较,并基于比较结果构建多重线性回归模型以分析血清GDF15水平的相关影响因素。采用Kaplan⁃Meier生存分析探讨血清GDF15与IgAN患者心肾预后的相关性。 结果 本研究共纳入104例IgAN患者。研究结果显示,IgAN患者血清GDF15水平为825.60(556.84,1 428.15)ng/L。血清GDF15水平与24 h尿蛋白量呈正相关(r=0.405,P<0.001),与估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)呈负相关(r=-0.606,P<0.001)。伴肾小管萎缩或间质纤维化(T0、T1、T2总体比较,H=21.866,P<0.001)、新月体病变(C0、C1、C2总体比较,H=13.787,P=0.001)或小动脉硬化性病变(无、轻度、中重度总体比较,H=9.856,P=0.007)不同程度患者间血清GDF15水平差异有统计学意义。与无肾小管萎缩或间质纤维化病变的IgAN患者相比,伴有牛津分型T1(Z=-17.326,P=0.042)或T2(Z=-42.933,P<0.001)病变IgAN患者血清GDF15水平更高。与无新月体病变的IgAN患者相比,伴有牛津分型C2的IgAN患者血清GDF15水平更高(Z=-45.929,P=0.001)。与无小动脉硬化病变IgAN患者相比,伴有中重度小动脉硬化病变IgAN患者血清GDF15水平更高(Z=-26.686,P=0.005)。以GDF15中位数825.60 ng/L为界值将IgAN患者分为两组。与低GDF15组(<825.60 ng/L)相比,高GDF15组(≥825.60 ng/L)IgAN患者具有更高比例的糖尿病(χ2 =9.420,P=0.002)和心血管疾病(χ2 =7.792,P=0.005),具有更高水平的收缩压(Z=-2.266,P=0.023)、体重指数(Z=-2.183,P=0.031)、24 h尿蛋白量(Z=-3.485,P<0.001)、血总胆固醇(Z=-2.002,P=0.045)以及左心室质量指数(Z=-2.649,P=0.008),而具有更低水平的血清白蛋白(Z=-3.053,P=0.002)和eGFR(Z=6.480,P<0.001)。多重线性回归分析显示,血清GDF15水平与较高的收缩压(回归系数B=29.453,95% CI 14.139~44.767,P<0.001)、血清白蛋白(B=-81.412,95% CI -113.084~-49.740,P<0.001)和eGFR(B=-9.797,95% CI -17.554~-2.040,P=0.014)独立相关。并且,高GDF15组患者心肾预后明显更差(χ2 =9.955,P=0.002)。 结论 血清GDF15水平与IgAN的疾病严重程度相关,且血清GDF15水平升高可能提示IgAN患者心肾预后较差。
Objective To investigate the correlation between serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and further explore the relationship of GDF15 with the cardiac and renal prognosis of IgAN patients. Methods It was a single-center retrospective cohort study. From January 2018 to December 2022, the relevant data were collected from patients who were diagnosed with primary IgAN at the Department of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and regularly followed up for at least 1 year. Serum samples were collected at admission and the baseline level of serum GDF15 was measured. Based on the median GDF15 level, IgAN patients were categorized into high-level GDF15 group and low-level GDF15 group, and their clinicopathological characteristics were compared. A multiple linear regression model was then constructed to identify independent factors associated with serum GDF15 level based on these comparisons. Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to investigate the association between serum GDF15 level and the cardiorenal prognosis of IgAN patients. Results A total of 104 IgAN patients were included in this study. The serum GDF15 level in these IgAN patients was 825.60 (556.84, 1 428.15) ng/L. Serum GDF15 level was positively correlated with 24 h urinary protein (r=0.405, P<0.001), negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)(r=-0.606, P<0.001). The serum levels of GDF15 in patients with tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis (overall comparison among T0, T1, and T2, H=21.866, P<0.001), crescentic lesions (overall comparison among C0, C1, and C2, H=13.787, P=0.001), or intrarenal arteriolar lesions (overall comparison among none, mild, and moderate-to-severe, H=9.856, P=0.007) were significantly different. Compared with IgAN patients without tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis, those with Oxford classification T1 (Z=-17.326, P=0.042) or T2 (Z=-42.933, P<0.001) had higher serum GDF15 levels. Compared with IgAN patients without crescentic lesions, those with Oxford classification C2 had higher serum GDF15 levels (Z=-45.929, P=0.001). Compared with IgAN patients without intrarenal arteriolar lesions, those with moderate-to-severe arteriolar sclerosis had higher serum GDF15 levels (Z=-26.686, P=0.005). The median GDF15 was used as the cut-off value to divide IgAN patients into a high-level GDF15 group (≥825.60 ng/L, n=52) and a low-level GDF15 group (<825.60 ng/L, n=52). Compared to low-level GDF15 group, IgAN patients in high-level GDF15 group presented with a higher proportion of diabetes mellitus (χ2 =9.420, P=0.002) and cardiovascular disease (χ2 =7.792, P=0.005), a higher level of systolic blood pressure (Z=-2.266, P=0.023), body mass index (Z=-2.183, P=0.031), 24 h urinary protein (Z=-3.485, P<0.001), blood total cholesterol (Z=-2.002, P=0.045) and left ventricular mass index (Z=-2.649, P=0.008), and a lower level of blood albumin (Z=-3.053, P=0.002) and eGFR (Z=6.480, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum GDF15 level was independently associated with systolic blood pressure (regression coefficient B=29.453, 95% CI 14.139–44.767, P<0.001), blood albumin (B=-81.412, 95% CI -113.084–-49.740, P<0.001) and eGFR (B=-9.797, 95% CI -17.554–-2.040, P=0.014). Moreover, IgAN patients in high-level GDF15 group exhibited significantly poorer cardiac and renal prognosis compared to low-level GDF15 group (χ2 =9.955, P=0.002). Conclusion High serum GDF15 level correlates with disease severity in IgAN, and high serum GDF15 level may suggest a poorer cardiorenal prognosis in IgAN patients.
肾小球肾炎,IgA / 生长分化因子15 / 预后 / 临床病理特点 {{custom_keyword}} /
Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Growth differentiation factor 15 / Prognosis / Clinicopathological features {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 两组IgA肾病患者的临床、病理及治疗方案基线资料比较 |
项目 | 总计(n=104) | 高GDF15组(n=52) | 低GDF15组(n=52) | χ2/t/Z值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 34.0(27.0,44.8) | 36.5(27.3,50.0) | 32.5(27.0,39.8) | -1.838 | 0.066 |
男性[例(%)] | 58(55.8) | 30(57.7) | 28(53.8) | 0.156 | 0.693 |
前驱感染[例(%)] | 14(13.5) | 4(7.7) | 10(19.2) | 2.971 | 0.085 |
肉眼血尿[例(%)] | 11(10.6) | 5(9.6) | 6(11.5) | 0.102 | 0.750 |
高血压[例(%)] | 56(53.8) | 32(61.5) | 24(46.2) | 2.476 | 0.116 |
糖尿病[例(%)] | 12(11.5) | 11(21.2) | 1(1.9) | 9.420 | 0.002 |
心血管疾病[例(%)] | 19(18.3) | 15(28.8) | 4(7.7) | 7.792 | 0.005 |
恶性高血压[例(%)] | 6(5.8) | 4(7.7) | 2(3.8) | 0.177 | 0.674 |
收缩压(mmHg) | 128.0(118.0,140.0) | 130.5(120.0,146.8) | 124.0(115.0,133.8) | -2.266 | 0.023 |
舒张压(mmHg) | 80.0(73.5,90.0) | 82.0(75.3,94.3) | 78.0(70.3,86.8) | -1.838 | 0.066 |
体重指数(kg/m²) | 25.31±4.73 | 26.24±5.21 | 24.38±4.00 | -2.183 | 0.031 |
24 h尿蛋白量(g) | 1.27(0.59,4.21) | 2.29(0.81,6.73) | 0.92(0.46,1.63) | -3.485 | <0.001 |
血清白蛋白(g/L) | 41.50(37.53,44.48) | 39.35(28.48,43.98) | 42.90(39.50,45.48) | -3.053 | 0.002 |
血肌酐(μmol/L) | 82.70(62.93,115.33) | 111.50(71.65,148.73) | 76.85(58.05,84.95) | -4.531 | <0.001 |
eGFR[ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] | 99.07±34.09 | 63.54±35.10 | 112.37±20.74 | 6.480 | <0.001 |
血尿酸(μmol/L) | 376.85(312.50,478.43) | 382.80(315.15,500.18) | 355.75(308.73,468.75) | -0.982 | 0.326 |
甘油三酯(mmol/L) | 1.66(1.07,2.60) | 1.68(1.09,2.64) | 1.55(1.06,2.45) | -0.897 | 0.370 |
血总胆固醇(mmol/L) | 5.12(4.27,6.27) | 5.38(4.22,7.32) | 4.88(4.29,5.70) | -2.002 | 0.045 |
LDL⁃C(mmol/L) | 3.07(2.27,3.93) | 3.27(2.38,4.45) | 2.95(2.05,3.67) | -1.577 | 0.115 |
血清IgA(g/L) | 2.89(2.42,3.64) | 3.02(2.38,3.62) | 2.82(2.44,3.65) | -0.247 | 0.805 |
补体C3(g/L) | 1.21(1.04,1.39) | 1.21(1.08,1.32) | 1.20(1.01,1.40) | -0.319 | 0.750 |
补体C4(g/L) | 0.29(0.23,0.35) | 0.31(0.25,0.38) | 0.26(0.20,0.33) | -2.632 | 0.008 |
BNP(ng/L) | 26.00(14.50,83.50) | 29.50(16.75,85.00) | 16.00(10.50,28.25) | -1.563 | 0.118 |
CK⁃MB(μg/L) | 1.10(0.80,1.65) | 1.10(0.80,1.90) | 1.05(0.83,1.63) | -0.056 | 0.955 |
GDF15(ng/L) | 825.60(556.84,1 428.15) | 1 411.42(1 082.53,2 030.43) | 560.05(479.45,703.80) | -8.790 | <0.001 |
左心室质量指数(g/m²) | 82.48(66.17,94.61) | 86.61(75.18,105.50) | 75.81(62.61,90.76) | -2.649 | 0.008 |
左心室射血分数(%) | 66.00(63.00,68.00) | 66.00(62.25,68.00) | 66.00(63.00,68.00) | -0.814 | 0.415 |
肾脏病理 | |||||
肾小球IgA沉积 (1+/2+/3+/4+)[例(%)] | 1(1.0)/29(27.9)/ 72(69.2)/2(1.9) | 1(1.9)/18(34.6)/ 33(63.5)/0(0) | 0(0)/11(21.2)/ 39(75.0)/2(3.8) | 4.723 | 0.117 |
肾小球C3沉积 (1+/2+/3+/4+)[例(%)] | 6(5.0)/41(39.4)/ 48(46.2)/1(1.0) | 5(9.0)/22(42.3)/ 20(38.5)/1(1.9) | 1(1.0)/19(36.5)/ 28(53.8)/0(0) | 5.032 | 0.239 |
牛津分型 | |||||
M1 | 37(35.6) | 21(40.4) | 16(30.8) | 1.049 | 0.306 |
E1 | 53(51.0) | 25(48.1) | 28(53.8) | 0.346 | 0.556 |
S1 | 62(59.6) | 29(55.8) | 33(63.5) | 0.639 | 0.424 |
T1/T2 | 25(24.0)/11(10.6) | 17(32.7)/11(21.2) | 8(15.4)/0(0) | 20.122 | <0.001 |
C1/C2 | 21(20.2)/7(6.7) | 10(19.2)/7(13.5) | 11(21.2)/0(0) | 7.846 | 0.021 |
小动脉硬化病变(无/轻度/中重度) [例(%)] | 16(15.0)/30(28.8)/ 58(55.8) | 5(9.0)/13(25.0)/ 34(65.4) | 11(21.0)/17(32.7)/ 24(46.2) | 4.507 | 0.105 |
使用RASI[例(%)] | 67(64.4) | 33(63.5) | 34(65.4) | 0.042 | 0.838 |
使用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂[例(%)] | 39(37.5) | 25(48.1) | 14(26.9) | 4.964 | 0.026 |
随访时间(个月) | 27.0(17.0,38.0) | 27.0(15.5,39.5) | 28.0(19.0,37.0) | -0.566 | 0.571 |
复合终点事件[例(%)] | 14(13.5) | 13(25.0) | 1(1.9) | 11.886 | 0.001 |
表2 血清GDF15水平的相关因素分析(多重线性回归分析,n=104) |
相关因素 | B(95% CI) | P值 | VIF |
---|---|---|---|
血清白蛋白(g/L) | -81.412(-113.084~-49.740) | <0.001 | 1.019 |
收缩压(mmHg) | 29.453(14.139~44.767) | <0.001 | 1.121 |
eGFR | -9.797(-17.554~-2.040) | 0.014 | 1.121 |
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http://journal.yiigle.com/LinkIn.do?linkin_type=cma&DOI=10.3760/cma.j.cn441217-20240722-00736
所有作者声明无利益冲突
隗紫微:研究设计、数据收集、实验操作、数据分析、文章撰写;郭唯一:研究设计、数据收集、实验操作、病理阅片;徐潇漪、王国勤:数据收集;孙丽君:病理阅片;董鸿瑞、孔令强:病理制片染色;程虹:研究设计、论文审阅修订
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