
新型冠状病毒暴发流行期间江苏省维持性血液透析患者感染情况的流行病学调查
杨光, 葛益飞, 黄耀禹, 楼季庄, 蒋春明, 卢国元, 陈凤玲, 沈建松, 陈晓岚, 戴厚永, 刘昌华, 杨敏, 李秀荣, 孙铸兴, 王凉, 刘斌, 郑东辉, 徐永, 陈茂杰, 王玲, 张以来, 章旭, 何建强, 张立元, 万慧婷, 郭红磊, 杨家慧, 徐玮, 邢昌赢, 毛慧娟
新型冠状病毒暴发流行期间江苏省维持性血液透析患者感染情况的流行病学调查
Epidemiological investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients in Jiangsu province during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2
目的 调查2022年12月7日至2023年1月27日新型冠状病毒(又称为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2)暴发流行期间江苏省维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者SARS-CoV-2感染情况的流行病学,并分析全因死亡的影响因素。 方法 本研究系多中心横断面调查,通过结构化调查问卷,由各血液透析中心(室)的医护人员作为调查人员收集患者信息,部分人口学和实验室检查数据来源于江苏省血液透析数据信息系统。纳入SARS-CoV-2感染暴发期间江苏省各级医疗机构的血液透析中心(室)以及独立血液透析机构的MHD患者,并分析确诊和疑似SARS-CoV-2感染病例的临床特点和全因死亡情况。 结果 共完成407个血液透析中心(室)57 278例患者的问卷调查和数据分析,占全省同期MHD在透患者(63 357例)的90.41%。其中SARS-CoV-2感染确诊病例24 038例(41.97%),疑似感染病例14 805例(25.85%),这些病例广泛分布于江苏省各透析中心。对38 843例确诊和疑似SARS-CoV-2感染病例进行临床分型,其中重型和危重型病例3 662例,占感染和疑似感染病例的9.43%。完成问卷调查患者中,共1 812例患者发生全因死亡,全因死亡率为3.16%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄(以≤50岁作为参照,51~59岁:OR=1.583,95% CI 1.279~1.933,P=0.001;60~69岁:OR=3.972,95% CI 3.271~4.858,P<0.001;70~79岁:OR=7.236,95% CI 5.917~8.698,P<0.001;≥80岁:OR=11.738,95% CI 9.459~14.663,P<0.001)、男性(OR=1.371,95% CI 1.229~1.529,P<0.001)和合并乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)现症感染(血清HBV表面抗原阳性,OR=0.629,95% CI 0.484~0.817,P<0.001)是全因死亡的独立影响因素。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,男性、年龄、HBV现症感染预测全因死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.529(P<0.001)、0.724(P<0.001)、0.514(P=0.042),其中年龄预测全因死亡风险的截断值为65.5岁。与不伴HBV现症感染的MHD患者比较,伴HBV现症感染的MHD人群在感染SARS-CoV-2时,重型和危重型患者、全因住院患者、全因死亡患者比例均显著较低(4.99%比6.41%,χ2=6.136,P=0.013;8.90%比11.44%,χ2=11.662,P<0.001;2.01%比3.37%,χ2=10.713,P=0.001)。 结论 江苏省MHD人群对SARS-CoV-2普遍易感。发生SARS-CoV-2感染后,高龄和男性患者死亡风险较大,而合并HBV现症感染患者死亡风险较小。
Objective To investigate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in Jiangsu province during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in China from December 7, 2022 to January 27, 2023, and to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death. Methods It was a multi-center cross-sectional investigation. Structured questionnaire was used to collect patient information by medical staff of each hemodialysis center (room) as investigators. Part of the demography data and laboratory examination data came from the Jiangsu Province Hemodialysis Data Information System. MHD patients from hemodialysis centers (rooms) at all levels of medical institutions and independent hemodialysis institutions in Jiangsu province during the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included, and the clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality of confirmed and suspected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed. Results Questionnaire surveys and data analysis on 57 278 patients in 407 hemodialysis centers (rooms) were completed, accounting for 90.41% of the total number of MHD patients (63 357 cases) in Jiangsu province during the same period. There were 24 038 cases (41.97%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 14 805 cases (25.85%) of suspected infection, which were widely distributed in all dialysis centers in Jiangsu province. After clinical classification of 38 843 confirmed and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection cases, 3 662 cases were severe and critical cases, accounting for 9.43% of the infected and suspected cases. Among the patients who had completed the questionnaires, there were 1 812 all-cause deaths, with an all-cause mortality rate of 3.16%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elderly (taking ≤50 years as a reference, 51-59 years: OR=1.583, 95% CI 1.279-1.933, P=0.001; 60-69 years: OR=3.972, 95% CI 3.271-4.858, P<0.001; 70-79 years: OR=7.236, 95% CI 5.917-8.698, P<0.001; ≥80 years: OR=11.738, 95% CI 9.459-14.663, P<0.001), male (OR=1.371, 95% CI 1.229-1.529, P<0.001), and co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) (positive serum HBV surface antigen, OR=0.629, 95% CI 0.484-0.817, P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for all cause mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for male, age and current HBV infection prediction of all-cause death was 0.529 (P<0.001), 0.724 (P<0.001) and 0.514 (P=0.042), respectively, and the cut-off value for age prediction of all-cause death was 65.5 years old. Compared with patients without HBV infection, MHD patients with HBV infection significantly reduced the proportion of severe and critically ill patients, all-cause hospitalizations and all cause deaths when infected with SARS-CoV-2 (4.99% vs. 6.41%, χ2=6.136, P=0.013; 8.90% vs. 11.44%, χ2=11.662, P<0.001; 2.01% vs. 3.37%, χ2=10.713, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion The MHD patients in Jiangsu province are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Elderly age and male gender are independent risk factors for death in MHD patients during the epidemic, while the HBV infection may be a protective factor for death of MHD patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
新型冠状病毒 / 肾透析 / 流行病学研究 / 死亡 {{custom_keyword}} /
SARS-CoV-2 / Renal dialysis / Epidemiologic studies / Death {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 江苏省维持性血液透析患者中新型冠状病毒感染、住院和死亡病例情况(n=57 278) |
项目 | 例数(%) |
---|---|
新型冠状病毒感染病例 | 24 038(41.97) |
新型冠状病毒疑似感染病例 | 14 805(25.85) |
计算机断层扫描证实的病毒性肺炎患者 | 7 604(13.28) |
全因住院患者 | 6 288(10.98) |
全因死亡患者 | 1 812(3.16) |
表2 江苏省MHD患者新型冠状病毒流行期间生存和死亡患者间比较 |
项目 | 总体(n=57 278) | 生存组(n=55 466) | 死亡组(n=1 812) | χ 2/t/Z值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 22.469 | <0.001 | |||
女[例(%)] | 21 109(36.85) | 20 537(37.03) | 572(31.57) | ||
男[例(%)] | 36 169(63.15) | 34 929(62.97) | 1 240(68.43) | ||
年龄(岁) | 58.93±13.88 | 58.58±13.81 | 69.47±12.07 | 37.602 | <0.001 |
年龄分层 | 1 252.669 | <0.001 | |||
≤50岁[例(%)] | 13 756(24.01) | 13 625(24.56) | 131(7.23) | ||
51~59岁[例(%)] | 16 503(28.81) | 16 276(29.34) | 227(12.52) | ||
60~69岁[例(%)] | 13 049(22.78) | 12 597(22.71) | 452(24.94) | ||
70~79岁[例(%)] | 10 159(17.73) | 9 533(17.19) | 626(34.45) | ||
≥80岁[例(%)] | 3 811(6.65) | 3 435(6.19) | 376(20.75) | ||
透析龄(年) | 4.27(2.52,7.24) | 4.27(2.54,7.21) | 4.38(2.10,7.75) | 0.280 | 0.779 |
透析龄分层 | 9.245 | 0.055 | |||
<1年[例(%)] | 6 415(11.20) | 6 208(11.19) | 207(11.42) | ||
1~5年[例(%)] | 31 389(54.80) | 30 448(54.89) | 941(51.93) | ||
6~10年[例(%)] | 11 513(20.10) | 11 131(20.07) | 382(21.08) | ||
11~20年[例(%)] | 75 03(13.10) | 7 242(13.06) | 261(14.40) | ||
>20年[例(%)] | 458(0.80) | 437(0.79) | 21(1.16) | ||
Hb(g/L) | 104.13±20.53(n=30 799) | 104.35±20.47(n=29 078) | 100.39±21.24(n=1 721) | 7.523 | <0.001 |
Plt(×109/L) | 155.50±47.53(n=29 443) | 155.39±47.37(n=27 815) | 157.45±50.26(n=1 628) | 1.617 | 0.106 |
Alb(g/L) | 38.67±5.15(n=28 906) | 38.69±5.14(n=27 274) | 36.46±5.44(n=1 632) | 1.638 | 0.102 |
Ca(mmol/L) | 2.23±0.24(n=30 643) | 2.23±0.24(n=29 002) | 2.22±0.22(n=1 641) | 1.541 | 0.123 |
P(mmol/L) | 1.88±0.62(n=30 532) | 1.88±0.62(n=28 946) | 1.86±0.60(n=1 586) | 1.077 | 0.281 |
PTH(ng/L) | 244.3(116.1,446.8) (n=27 886) | 246.0(117.0,448.9) (n=26 253) | 215.7(106.8,403.0) (n=1 633) | 3.652 | <0.001 |
spKt/V | 1.34±0.34(n=28 204) | 1.34±0.34(n=26 537) | 1.32±0.38(n=1 667) | 1.558 | 0.119 |
乙肝 | (n=28 944) | (n=27 132) | (n=1 812) | 22.241 | <0.001 |
阴性[例(%)] | 27 001(93.29) | 25 262(93.11) | 1 739(95.97) | ||
阳性[例(%)] | 1 943(6.71) | 1 870(6.89) | 73(4.03) | ||
丙肝 | (n=26 920) | (n=25 108) | (n=1 812) | 2.872 | 0.090 |
阴性[例(%)] | 26 187(97.28) | 24 413(97.23) | 1 774(97.90) | ||
阳性[例(%)] | 733(2.72) | 695(2.77) | 38(2.10) | ||
糖尿病 | (n=18 603) | (n=16 792) | (n=1 811) | 0.003 | 0.959 |
否[例(%)] | 11 772(63.28) | 10 627(63.29) | 1 145(63.22) | ||
是[例(%)] | 6 831(36.72) | 6 165(36.71) | 666(36.78) | ||
高血压 | 0.024 | 0.878 | |||
否[例(%)] | 29 310(51.17) | 28 386(51.18) | 924(50.99) | ||
是[例(%)] | 27 968(48.83) | 27 080(48.82) | 888(49.01) |
表3 江苏省MHD患者新型冠状病毒流行期间全因死亡的影响因素分析(多因素Logistic回归分析,n=57 278) |
影响因素 | B | SE | Wald | P值 | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别(男/女) | 0.316 | 0.056 | 31.988 | <0.001 | 1.371 | 1.229~1.529 |
年龄分层 | ||||||
≤50岁 | 1.000 | |||||
51~59岁 | 0.403 | 0.117 | 11.953 | 0.001 | 1.583 | 1.279~1.933 |
60~69岁 | 1.368 | 0.118 | 173.289 | <0.001 | 3.972 | 3.271~4.858 |
70~79岁 | 1.979 | 0.101 | 373.980 | <0.001 | 7.236 | 5.917~8.698 |
≥80岁 | 2.621 | 0.139 | 464.775 | <0.001 | 11.738 | 9.459~14.663 |
血红蛋白(g/L) | -0.001 | 0.002 | 0.711 | 0.399 | 0.999 | 0.996~1.002 |
甲状旁腺素(每增加100 ng/L) | -0.008 | 0.010 | 0.682 | 0.409 | 0.992 | 0.972~1.012 |
HBsAg(阳性/阴性) | -0.464 | 0.133 | 12.088 | <0.001 | 0.629 | 0.484~0.817 |
表4 江苏省MHD患者新型冠状病毒流行期间性别、年龄和HBsAg对全因死亡的预测价值(受试者工作特征曲线) |
变量 | AUC | 标准误 | P值 | 95% CI | Cut-off值 | 敏感度 | 特异度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
男性 | 0.529 | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.515~0.542 | - | 68.4% | 37.0% |
年龄(岁) | 0.724 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.712~0.736 | 65.5岁 | 68.7% | 66.6% |
HBsAg阳性 | 0.514 | 0.007 | 0.042 | 0.501~0.528 | - | 96.0% | 16.9% |
表5 伴或不伴乙型肝炎病毒感染的血液透析患者感染或疑似感染新型冠状病毒的情况比较 |
项目 | 伴乙型肝炎病毒感染(n=1 943) | 不伴乙型肝炎病毒感染(n=27 001) | χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
重型和危重型患者[例(%)] | 97(4.99) | 1 730(6.41) | 6.136 | 0.013 |
全因住院患者[例(%)] | 173(8.90) | 3 089(11.44) | 11.662 | <0.001 |
全因死亡患者[例(%)] | 39(2.01) | 912(3.37) | 10.713 | 0.001 |
表6 伴或不伴丙型肝炎病毒感染的血液透析患者感染或疑似感染新型冠状病毒的情况比较 |
项目 | 伴丙型肝炎病毒感染(n=733) | 不伴丙型肝炎病毒感染(n=26 187) | χ 2值 | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
重型和危重型患者[例(%)] | 46(6.28) | 1 698(6.48) | 0.051 | 0.821 |
全因住院患者[例(%)] | 81(11.05) | 2 649(10.12) | 0.684 | 0.408 |
全因死亡患者[例(%)] | 26(3.55) | 839(3.20) | 0.270 | 0.603 |
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所有作者声明无利益冲突
杨光:研究设计、流调工作、数据整理与分析、论文撰写;葛益飞、黄耀禹、楼季庄、蒋春明、卢国元、陈凤玲、沈建松、陈晓岚、戴厚永、刘昌华、杨敏、李秀荣、孙铸兴、王凉、刘斌、郑东辉、徐永、陈茂杰、王玲、张以来、章旭、何建强、张立元、万慧婷、郭红磊:流调工作、资料收集;杨家慧、徐玮:流调工作、质量控制与审查;邢昌赢:调查问卷指导;毛慧娟:研究设计指导、论文修改
感谢本研究中组织调查问卷发放和收集的区域血液透析中心的负责人员;感谢江苏省所有血液透析中心参与调查问卷实施和汇总的全部医护人员和MHD患者及家属
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