
不同剂量利妥昔单抗治疗特发性膜性肾病的疗效及安全性比较
王柳西, 董丹, 许颖, 张立, 徐弘昭, 刘念, 远航
不同剂量利妥昔单抗治疗特发性膜性肾病的疗效及安全性比较
Comparison of efficacy and safety of rituximab at different doses in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy
该研究为回顾性队列研究。选取2020年3月至2022年3月于吉林大学第一医院肾病科住院期间确诊为特发性膜性肾病(idiopathic membranous nephropathy,IMN)并单独接受利妥昔单抗(rituximab,RTX)治疗满1个疗程的患者,按照不同给药方法将其纳入1 g标准治疗组(每次1 g,每2周1次,共2次)和375 mg/m2实验治疗组(每次375 mg/m2,每3周1次,共3次),比较不同剂量RTX治疗IMN的疗效及安全性,为优化临床治疗方案提供参考。疗程结束后均规律随访≥9个月且资料完整。最终69例患者纳入统计分析,年龄(51.7±11.8)岁,男性46例(66.7%)。1 g标准治疗组31例,375 mg/m2 实验治疗组38例。1 g标准治疗组中初治比例高于375 mg/m2实验治疗组(87.1%比65.8%,χ 2=4.174,P=0.041)。两组患者一般资料、临床特征及基线实验室指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后3个月时,共22例(31.9%)患者发生缓解,其中1 g标准治疗组9例(29.0%)、375 mg/m2实验治疗组13例(34.2%)(χ 2=0.211,P=0.646);6个月时,共30例(43.5%)患者发生缓解,其中1 g标准治疗组12例(38.7%)、375 mg/m2实验治疗组18例(47.4%)(χ 2=0.521,P=0.470);9个月时,共38例(55.1%)患者发生缓解,其中1 g标准治疗组18例(58.1%)、375 mg/m2实验治疗组20例(52.6%)(χ 2=0.204,P=0.652)。9个月时1 g标准治疗组和375 mg/m2实验治疗组患者24 h尿蛋白量较基线值分别下降了7.93(6.24,8.46)g和7.45(5.66,8.67)g,血清白蛋白较基线值分别升高了16.4(15.5,17.5)g/L和15.5(9.0,15.8)g/L(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,两组磷脂酶A2受体抗体滴度降至<5 RU/ml的时间差异无统计学意义(Log-rank χ 2=3.653,P=0.056)。1 g标准治疗组发生23起非严重不良反应事件,累及患者16例;375 mg/m2实验治疗组发生10起非严重不良反应事件,累及患者10例;375 mg/m2实验治疗组安全性优于1 g标准治疗组(Fisher值=8.593,P=0.015)。使用RTX 375 mg/m2 方案和1 g标准方案治疗IMN均能有效缓解蛋白尿、升高血清白蛋白;相比1 g标准治疗方案,375 mg/m2 治疗方案不良反应发生率较低。
It was a retrospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and received rituximab (RTX) alone for one course of treatment during hospitalization in the Department of Nephrology of the First Hospital of Jilin University from March 2020 to March 2022 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 1 g standard treatment group (once 1 g every 2 weeks for twice) and 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group (375 mg/m2 once a week for 4 weeks) according to the different methods of drug administration, and the efficacy and safety of different doses of RTX in the treatment of IMN were compared between the two groups to provide a reference for optimizing the clinical treatment protocol. The patients were followed up regularly for more than 9 months after treatment and the data were complete. A total of 69 patients were included with age of (51.7±11.8) years old, and 46 males (66.7%). There were 31 patients in the 1 g standard treatment group and 38 patients in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group. The proportion of first-treatment patients in the 1 g standard treatment group was higher than that in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group (87.1% vs. 65.8%, χ 2=4.174, P=0.041). There were no statistically significant differences in the general data, clinical characteristics and baseline laboratory parameters between the two groups (all P>0.05). At the end of 3 months of treatment, 22 patients (31.9%) experienced remission, including 9 patients (29.0%) in the 1 g standard treatment group and 13 patients (34.2%) in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group (χ 2=0.211, P=0.646). At 6 months, 30 patients (43.5%) experienced remission, including 12 patients (38.7%) in the 1 g standard treatment group and 18 patients (47.4%) in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group (χ 2=0.521, P=0.470). At 9 months, 38 patients (55.1%) achieved remission, including 18 patients (58.1%) in the 1 g standard treatment group and 20 patients (52.6%) in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group (χ 2=0.204, P=0.652). At 9 months, the 24 h urine protein of 1 g standard treatment group and 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group decreased by 7.93 (6.24, 8.46) g and 7.45 (5.66, 8.67) g (both P<0.05), respectively, and serum albumin increased by 16.4 (15.5, 17.5) g/L and 15.5 (9.0, 15.8) g/L (both P<0.05), respectively, from the baseline value. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result showed that there was no significant difference in the time of phospholipase A2 receptor titer decreasing to <5 RU/ml between the two groups (Log-rank χ 2=3.653, P=0.056). Twenty-three non-serious adverse events occurred in the 1 g standard treatment group, involving 16 patients, and 10 non-serious adverse events occurred in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group, involving 10 patients. There was better safety in the 375 mg/m2 experimental treatment group than that in the 1 g standard treatment group (Fisher value=8.593, P=0.015). Both 375 mg/m2 regimen and 1 g regimen of RTX in IMN patients are effective in relieving proteinuria and elevating serum albumin. The 375 mg/m2 regimen of RTX has a lower incidence of adverse events compared with the 1 g regimen.
肾小球肾炎,膜性 / 利妥昔单抗 / 治疗结果 / 剂量 / 安全性 {{custom_keyword}} /
Glomerulonephritis, membranous / Rituximab / Treatment outcome / Dose / Safety {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 两组患者基线资料比较 |
项目 | 1 g标准治疗组(n=31) | 375 mg/m2实验治疗组(n=38) | 统计值(t/Z/χ 2/Fisher值) | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
年龄(岁) | 51.7±11.4 | 51.7±12.3 | 0.002 | 0.999 |
男/女(例) | 22/9 | 24/14 | 0.469 | 0.494 |
体重(kg) | 73.5±12.5 | 73.5±11.5 | 0.005 | 0.996 |
伴肾病综合征[例(%)] | 31(100) | 38(100) | 1.000 | |
合并高血压[例(%)] | 17(54.8) | 19(50.0) | 0.160 | 0.689 |
初治/复治(例) | 27/4 | 25/13 | 4.174 | 0.041 |
复治时既往应用的免疫抑制剂[例(%)] | 0.649 | 1.000a | ||
1种 | 2/4 | 7/13 | ||
2种 | 1/4 | 4/13 | ||
≥3种 | 1/4 | 2/13 | ||
应用ACEI/ARB[例(%)] | 15(48.4) | 14(36.8) | 0.934 | 0.334 |
尿蛋白量(g/24 h) | 9.19(6.80,13.47) | 9.24(6.20,14.22) | -0.187 | 0.852 |
血清白蛋白(g/L) | 20.8(17.4,23.8) | 22.3(16.9,25.6) | -1.068 | 0.286 |
血肌酐(μmol/L) | 86.3(72.5,101.1) | 75.1(64.2,100.1) | -0.983 | 0.326 |
血尿素氮(mmol/L) | 5.45(4.45,6.82) | 5.31(4.21,6.62) | -0.857 | 0.392 |
eGFR[ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] | 87.91(63.14,103.28) | 93.11(64.41,101.09) | -0.510 | 0.610 |
PLA2R抗体(RU/ml) | 79.79(41.11,187.19)(n=28) | 57.13(36.15,144.26) | -0.772 | 0.440 |
系膜区IgA沉积[例(%)] | 5(21.7)(n=23) | 6(26.1)(n=23) | 0.119 | 0.730 |
表2 两组患者不良反应事件发生率的比较[例(%)] |
项目 | 1 g标准治疗组(n=31) | 375 mg/m2实验治疗组(n=38) | 统计值(χ 2/Fisher值) | P值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
发生不良反应事件数 | 8.593 | 0.015a | ||
0 | 15(48.4) | 28(73.7) | ||
1 | 10(32.3) | 10(26.3) | ||
2 | 4(12.9) | 0(0) | ||
≥3 | 2(6.5) | 0(0) | ||
非严重不良反应事件 | ||||
高血糖 | 4(12.9) | 3(7.9) | 0.081 | 0.776 |
高血脂 | 5(16.1) | 1(2.6) | 2.402 | 0.121 |
高尿酸 | 4(12.9) | 2(5.3) | 0.477 | 0.490 |
白细胞减少 | 1(3.2) | 0(0) | 0.449a | |
IgG下降 | 1(3.2) | 0(0) | 0.449a | |
肝功能异常 | 0(0) | 1(2.6) | 1.000a | |
eGFR下降 | 4(12.9) | 2(5.3) | 0.477 | 0.490 |
肺炎 | 3(9.7) | 0(0) | 1.870 | 0.172 |
过敏性皮炎 | 1(3.2) | 0(0) | 0.449a | |
血压异常升高 | 0(0) | 1(2.6) | 1.000a |
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北京大学医学部肾脏病学系专家组. 利妥昔单抗在膜性肾病中应用的专家共识[J]. 中华内科杂志, 2022, 61(3): 282-290. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20210927- 00660 .
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http://journal.yiigle.com/LinkIn.do?linkin_type=cma&DOI=10.3760/cma.j.cn441217-20221212-01217
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
王柳西负责文章的撰写和数据的分析,董丹和许颖负责原始数据的收集,张立和徐弘昭负责图表的制作和整理,刘念和远航承担文章的指导和审校工作
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