【Abstract】 Objective To observe whether bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into renal tubular epithelial cells in physiology and pathology conditions. Methods Transgenic C57BL/6 mice labelled with green flouresent protein(GFP) were bone marrow donors. C57BL/6 mice without fluorescence label were divided into normal group, total body irradiation group,ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) group, BMT+IR group. Bone marrow reconstruction of the recipients was proved by blood routine and flow cytometry of bone marrow cells after transplantation, and the distribution and the amount of green fluorescence in kidneys of recipients were observed by fluorescence histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results Lethally total body irradiation made no significant change in renal histological structure and function. Green fluorescence was seen in renal tubular epithelium of the recipients on day 56 and 84(positive cell,78.75%±5.99%,79.54%±4.60% after bone marrow transplantation. These positive cells locating in tubular epithelium were further proved by laser scanning confocal microscope, and fluorescence histochemistry showed these cells expressed renal tubular epithelium specific protein megalin. Conclusion Bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into renal tubular epithelial cells and participate in regeneration of renal tubular epithelium in physiology and pathology conditions, and the number of epithelial cells derived from the bone marrow is associated with the degree of the injury in acute tubular necrosis.