
Treatment with agalsidase alpha in 5 patients with Fabry disease
Jiang Lanping, Pan Xiantian, Huang Naya, Feng Shaozhen, Chen Wenfang, Chen Wei, Zheng Xunhua
Treatment with agalsidase alpha in 5 patients with Fabry disease
Objective To detect and analyze the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene mutations in Fabry disease patients and their family members, observe the clinical phenotype of the patients, and assess the therapeutic effect of agalsidase alpha. Methods It was a case series analysis. A total of 5 Fabry disease patients was diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from March 2022 to April 2023, and the clinical data and blood samples of the patients and their family members were collected. Genetic testing was performed using whole exome sequencing. GLA activity and substrate concentration were measured using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Patients' clinical manifestations, family history, and auxiliary examination results were collected, and the therapeutic efficacy of agalsidase alpha and disease progression were followed up. Results A total of 5 GLA gene mutations were identified by gene sequencing, including 1 novel mutation. Among them, 4 mutations were missense mutation, and the other one was nonsense mutation. Common clinical manifestations included edema (4/5) and reduced sweating (4/5). Renal pathology biopsy of 4 patients showed varying degrees of kidney damage, one of which was combined with IgA nephropathy. Auxiliary examinations revealed ocular involvement in 4 patients, cardiac involvement in 4 patients, and hearing impairment in 2 patients. All 5 patients received agalsidase alpha treatment, with 4 male patients receiving (16.8±5.9) times administrations of agalsidase alpha, and their globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso‑GL‑3) levels decreased by 45.6%±15.5% from baseline. Conclusions One novel GLA gene mutation is detected, which enriches the human gene mutation database. Fabry disease can be accompanied by kidney disease such as IgA nephropathy. When patients present with unexplained proteinuria combined with extrarenal manifestations such as reduced sweating, Fabry disease should be considered. Agalsidase alpha treatment can reduce Lyso‑GL‑3 concentration, and improve clinical symptoms.
Fabry disease / Alpha-galactosidase / Genes / Mutation / Globotriaosylsphingosine / Agalsidase alpha {{custom_keyword}} /
图1 法布里病患者家系图![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
表1 5例法布里病患者的基本资料 |
项目 | 患者1 | 患者2 | 患者3 | 患者4 | 患者5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 女 | 男 | 男 | 男 |
年龄(岁) | 37 | 51 | 21 | 38 | 36 |
血压(mmHg) | 107/72 | 134/88 | 152/93 | 135/75 | 102/58 |
肢端疼痛或感觉异常 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 是 | 否 |
皮肤血管角质瘤 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 | 否 |
排汗减少 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
水肿 | 下肢水肿 | 颜面水肿 | 否 | 下肢水肿 | 下肢水肿 |
排泡沫尿 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
头晕 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 否 |
胸闷 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
心脏受累 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
消化系统受累 | 大便不成形 | 无 | 偶有腹痛、腹泻 | 经常腹泻 | 近期出现便秘 |
家族史 | 患者母亲因“心脏肥大”去世,舅舅因意外去世,姨妈和两位表哥均已去世 | 患者父亲、妹妹和儿子确诊 | 患者舅舅因尿毒症、心脏病检查确诊,外婆、母亲、表妹确诊 | 患者两个女儿确诊 | 患者母亲和两个女儿确诊 |
表2 法布里病患者实验室检查结果 |
项目 | 患者1 | 患者2 | 患者3 | 患者4 | 患者5 | 正常参考值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
血红蛋白(g/L) | 135 | 105 | 134 | 122 | 116 | 男:130~175; 女:115~150 |
血肌酐(μmol/L) | 127 | 66 | 70 | 101 | 151 | 53~115 |
eGFR | 64.4 | 96.9 | 129.5 | 84.2 | 52.6 | |
血尿素氮(mmol/L) | 8.2 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 5.8 | 2.9~8.6 |
血尿酸(μmol/L) | 532 | 436 | 391 | 271 | 316 | 200~430 |
谷丙转氨酶(U/L) | 37 | 24 | 24 | 5 | 10 | 1~40 |
谷草转氨酶(U/L) | 26 | 20 | 16 | 15 | 12 | 1~37 |
血清白蛋白(g/L) | 39.0 | 40.3 | 40.2 | 36.7 | 27.7 | 35~50 |
总胆红素(μmol/L) | 11.4 | 12.3 | 15 | 12.5 | 7.6 | 3.0~22.0 |
总胆固醇(mmol/L) | 5.2 | 4.8 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 3.1~5.7 |
三酰甘油(mmol/L) | 0.59 | 1.53 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 2.19 | 0.33~1.70 |
高密度脂蛋白(mmol/L) | 2.13 | 0.81 | 1.14 | 1.44 | 2.03 | 1.09~1.63 |
低密度脂蛋白(mmol/L) | 2.88 | 3.05 | 1.4 | 2.64 | 2.84 | 0~3.0 |
NT⁃proBNP(ng/L) | 112 | 16.8 | NA | NA | 164 | 0~300 |
尿蛋白 | - | + | + | 2+ | 2+ | 阴性 |
尿潜血 | + | - | - | + | - | 阴性 |
24 h尿蛋白量(g) | 0.368 | 0.156 | 0.502 | 1.872 | 4.883 | 0~0.12 |
图3 法布里病患者(患者1)肾活检病理表现 |
表3 法布里病患者辅助检查结果 |
项目 | 患者1 | 患者2 | 患者3 | 患者4 | 患者5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
心电图 | 轻度T波改变,左心室高电压 | 正常 | 正常 | 正常 | 右束支传导阻滞 |
心脏彩超⁃室间隔厚度(mm) | 10 | - | - | 9 | 11 |
心脏彩超⁃左室后壁厚度(mm) | 9 | - | - | 9 | 9 |
心脏彩超 | 未见异常 | - | - | 主动脉增宽,主动脉瓣和二尖瓣轻度关闭不全 | 主动脉窦部增宽 |
心脏磁共振平扫+增强 | 基底部室间隔厚度正常、偏高值,符合法布里病心脏受累改变 | 未见异常 | 基底部室间隔厚度正常、偏高值,平扫T1 Mapping值减低,主动脉窦增宽 | - | 基底部室间隔厚度正常、偏高值,平扫T1 Mapping值减低,主动脉窦增宽;二尖瓣瓣环分离 |
双耳纯音听阈检测 | 右耳轻度感音性聋,左耳中度感音性聋 | 双耳听力正常 | 双耳听力正常 | 右耳高频听力下降,左耳轻度听力下降 | 双耳听力正常 |
眼科检查 | 双眼屈光不正,双角膜混浊 | 双眼屈光不正 | 双眼屈光不正 | 左眼角膜中央基质层可见线状混浊 | 右眼角膜颞侧浅基质层可见棕褐色线状、片状云翳,双眼屈光不正 |
肾活检病理 | 法布里病肾病合并IgA肾病 | 符合法布里病肾损伤 | - | 符合法布里病肾损伤 | 局灶节段性肾小球硬化症,门部型。肾小球足细胞病变为主,高度疑为溶酶体贮积病,不排除法布里病可能 |
表4 法布里病患者阿加糖酶α治疗前GLA活性和治疗前后Lyso‑GL‑3浓度、Scr和尿蛋白情况 |
项目 | 时间 | 患者1 | 患者2 | 患者3 | 患者4 | 患者5 | 正常参考值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLA活性(μmol·L-1·h-1) | 治疗前 | 0.42a | 3.33 | 0.58 | 0.35a | 0.31 | 2.4~17.65 |
Lyso‑GL‑3(μg/L) | 治疗前 | 63.19a | 0.73 | 76.90 | 46.31a | 7.00 | <1.11 |
治疗次数 | 12 | 33 | 24 | 12 | 19 | ||
治疗后 | 41.94 | 0.57 | 27.19 | 31.36 | 3.38 | ||
Scr(μmol/L) | 治疗前 | 127 | 66 | 70 | 101 | 151 | 53~115 |
随访时间(月) | 22b | 21 | 15 | 13 | 11 | ||
治疗后 | 114 | 59 | 56 | 118 | 218 | ||
尿蛋白 | 治疗前(g/24 h) | 0.368 | 0.462 | 0.502 | 1.872 | 4.883 | 0~0.12 |
治疗后(尿常规) | 2+ | + | - | 2+ | 2+ | 阴性 |
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http://journal.yiigle.com/LinkIn.do?linkin_type=cma&DOI=10.3760/cma.j.cn441217-20240326-00346
蒋兰萍:纳入患者,文章撰写;盘贤田:数据整理,文章撰写;黄娜娅:纳入患者;冯少珍:基因突变数据分析与整理;陈文芳:肾脏病理;陈崴:研究指导,纳入患者,论文审阅;郑勋华:纳入和随访患者,论文审阅和修改
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